kteedles



1. w. NEEDLES.

ARTICULATOR.

APPLICATION F1LED OCT- 6. I920. I 1,368,408. Patented Feb. 15,1921.

El SHEETS-SHEET l- J17. i- 36.; u 3 59"\ 1 '94z1 5 .5 #9 37 i ij F" ,2 7 4 1 INVENTOR. 5 46 l 4 JM/ked/es ,5 B 4 ATTORNEY.

J. W. NEEDLES.

ARTICULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED OCR-6,. 1-920.

Patented Feb. 15; 1921.

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

INVENTOIR.

A TT ORNE Y.

J. W. NEEDLES,

'ARTICUL-ATOR.

APPLlCATlON FILED OCT. 6, I920.

Patentd Feb. 15,1921.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

' INVEN TOR.

drawings. I

' UNITED; TATES; FPAI'TENTH- EoFm q fzronnw-m innrns; or PUEBLO, oononAno; I

J jnnrrdunamon.

To all whom! .itjnay concern-:1. I

Be it known that I, JoHN W; NEEDLns, a

citizen of the United States 'residin at Pueblo, in the county of Pueblo and' tate of Colorado, have invented certain new and .useful Improvements in .;Artieulators, of

which the following isa, Specification, ref? erence being bad to the a ccompanyingp I improved articulator showing the cutting This invention relates to c'ert in' improvements in articulators, and itis an object of the inventionjto provide a novel and improved anatomical articulator capable of being adjusted sothat the relative motion between the upper and lower-jaws ofany patient may be accurately.reproduced.

' Another object oftheinv'enti'on is'to'pro vide a novel and. improved: device of this general character embodying means forsup,

porting molds or casts .of a patient intheir i 1 .endof the lower arm or member. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary 'view in top plan of thestructure illujstratedin Fig:,,5.

proper relative position to each .otherand to the joints comprised inthe articulator and whereinthe articulator embodies guiding mechanism adjustable .tjQIreprodu'ceLthe normal habitual motions used bythe patient in mastication; a

tions necessary to correct imal-positionsof the teeth in oi'thoclontia cases i; t

Furthermoraitr is an objectoftheinven-s tion to provideanovel and improved device of this general character whichis adapted to be employed to adju'st'artificial teeth to proper occlusion in making plates or bridges and in designing anclcarving} occlusal v surfaces of artificialteeth so that theymay V g i i of the cutting'element and the coactingstirr n 1 I Fig. 13 1s a view in side elevationofthe be properly articulated;

The inventionconsists in thejjdetails of construction and, in the combination} and arrangementof the'several parts of my imrendered simpler, less expensive and other- Wise more convenient and advantageous for, p p p I zontalarm 1' having one end portion laterally extended, as at 2, in opposite directions with the upstanding or vertical arms int'egrally' formed with the opposite-ends of 'said' extensions Ql 'The-arms 3 are extended v below the arm 1 to providefthe supporting I hereinafter more fully set In order that my invention may be the better understood, I will now proceed to describe the same withjreference tothe zcompanying drawings, wherein: n

Figure l is a viewdnperspective illus tratlng an articulator" constructed in ac- I cordance with an embodiment of my invention showing upper-"and lower teeth in ocrcluslon on a spherical surface,

plan.

Fig. 8 1s a'transv'erse vertical. sectional y improved: art1cu It is also an object of the 'invention'toi" provide'a novel and improved devicejof this "mold plate. g is a fragmentary view partly in Specification ofietters Patent Patented Feb; 15 1921, Application filed October 6, is'20f Serial no. 414,980. i

"Fig. '2 is ,a view in perspective of my element in position tocarve a spherical'sun faceon the lower bite rim. I I

Fig. '3 is an enlarged fragmentary; View illustrating in detail the-mounting for the stirrup carrying the cutting element and also a pivotaliconnecti'on.embodiedin' the I universaljoint. I Fig. 4 is an" enlarged Vertical. sectional 7 view with certain of the parts in elevation taken throughmy improved articulator, Fig.5 isa vlew'in elevation ofthe outer j Fig. 7 is a horizontal sectional'view taken through the bloclrcomprised jin thegui'ding V mechanism with certain of the parts in top viewl taken; throughlatoras herein disc'losed.

Fig. 9 is a View in plan'of o'neo the cast or mold plates. i

.Fig. 10 is a v1 w inplan of onebffthe holding members coacting with? a I cast or Fig 11 section and partly in elevation illustrating a'pivotal connection between the cross head and its coacting post. s V V 'Fig. 1221s; a -fragmentary view n elevation rotary 'member comprised in the guiding mechanism for the inclsal p n. p Asdisclosed injtheaccompanying drawarticulator including angelongated horiesf slidably engaged a block 8 to be hereinafter more particularly referred to;

The arm 1 is adapted to have rested thereon at suhs'tantiallyits central portion a cast plate CI The plate C is provided at substantially its center with a depending i shank 9 insertible through an opening 10 in 1 arm 1.

the arm 1, said pin extending below said arm In advance of the shank 9, the plate C has disposed therethrough'an'opening 11 to receive an upstanding pin 12 carried by the arm 1, said pin 12 and shank '9 coacting, respectively, withthe plate C and the arm 1 to properly position the plate C on the The pin 12 is in continuation of a pivot member 14: depending from the arm 1 for the looking or holding arm 15. An intermediate portion of the arm 15 is transversely enlarged, as at 16, and said enlarged portion is provided with an open ended arcuate slot 17 and'the marginal portions of the arm 15 defining said slot engaged within an annular groove 18 produced in the outer end'portion of the shank 9-below the arm 1 whereby the plate 0 is locked against displacement. The free end portion of the arm 15 is provided with an outstanding flange 19 to provide means whereby the requisite -,swingingmovement of the arm15 is materiallyl facilitated. V

A' denotes an elongated cylindrical arm or shank having one end portion provided with a cross head 20, said arm or shank being connected to the longitudinal central por tion of said cross head The extremities of the cross head are provided with the outstanding lugs or wings 21 at right angles to the cross head 20 and extending in a di rection away from the shank or'arm A.

The cross head 20 snugly fits between the upper ends of the arms 3 and disposed through the lugs or flanges 21 are the headed pivot members 23 loosely directed throu di n .v P

i the lugs or flanges 21 but threaded through i the arms 3. The heads a or the pivot memhers 23 are inwardly disposed and the members 23 are of a length to extend a material distance beyond the outer faces of the arms 2. The outer ends of the pivot members 23 are cone, pointed, whereby the same may have requisite coaction with a face bow in adjusting'the plaster cast of the lower jaw The heads (a of the pivot members 23 at the axial centers thereof are provided with the outstanding pins 24, each of said pins serving as a center from which to take measurements necessary in locating the correct point of the center of the universal movement of the articulator for each patient. Each of the pivot, members 23 has a portion 22 thereof adjacent the head a free and unobstructed, and which portion is disposed through and within a coacting lug or flange 21. y

The arm A throughout substantially its entire length is threaded, said threads being interrupted by a longitudinally disposed V-shaped groove or channel 25 produced 1n the outer or top portion of the arm A and oi a length substantially coextensive with the length of the threaded portion of said arm. This groove or channel 25 is also in parallelism with the axial center of the armii, V Freely mounted on the arm A is a sleeve 26 having threaded through a wall thereof at its central part a pointed screw 27 adapted to extend within the groove or channel 25 and which serves to limit the rotation of 'the sleeve 26 about the arm A. The sleeve 7 the arm A.

The sleeve 26 is provided with the oppositely directed and alined tubular bosses 30 perpendicularly related to the axial center of the sleeve. 30 are the headed shanks 31 with the portions 0 of said shanks adjacent the heads 0? thereof having their peripheries free and unobstructed.

32 denotes an upper cast supporting arm or member of requisite and preferred configuration and dimension. This arm or member 32 is provided with the transversely spaced upstanding arms 33 arranged in parallelism. The upper or free end portions of the arms 33 substantially contact with the outer ends of the tubular bosses 30 through which extend the headed shanks 31' and in which are positioned the portions 0 of said shanks, whereby the member or arm 32 is supported for swinging movement by the sleeve 26.

The mounting of the sleeve 26 and the operative connection of the arm or member 32 therewith through the instrumentality of the arms 33 constitutes a joint whereby the member or arm 32 is capable of universal movement. v

A cast plate C is adapted to underlie the member or arm 32 and is operatively' engaged therewith and supported thereby in the same manner as hereinbefore set forth with respect to the cast plat C. The lock- Threaded within the bosses f readily and conveniently rotated as'required ingor holding arm 15" islpivotally engaged W1th the upper surface of the member-or arm 32 by'the pivot member 14; which is ing arm 15 engages;

"The outer end portion of the 'member or 1 arm 32 is provided with an opening'iic continued by the bore of an upstanding tubular boss 35:. Threaded throughethebore of the boss'35'and the opening 3tis an' elongated shank or pin 36 having itsjlower end portion gradually tapered to provide, a conical point 37 The upper or opposite end portion of the shank or pin 36 is provided...

with the head 38 whereby thesamemay be in order to adjust the samelengthwis e with respect to the armor member 32.- Threaded upon th'e'pin or shank 36 and arent-1 10a acting with the under face of the adjacent end'portion 'ofthe member orarm 32s is the v locking nut" 39 whereby said shank or pin may be'held'in its desired arrangement tate the desired rotation ofthe member 41 to- The'upper face'of the block 8 adj acent its inner end is provided with a transversely disposed slot lOhaving its lower portion at) arcuate 'in cross section and in which lower portion 40? is snugly seated for rotary movement a member 41 having its upperIface provided witha relatively broad fiat or plane surface 42; The member 41 opposed to the fiat orplanesurface is 'proi ided with the flatjor planesurfaces 42- converg-; ing towar'dfthe center bf the ,member 41 and in adirection towardits axis. These fiat or plane surfaces 42 formadihedral angle I of about*160', more or'leSs',-' and theme nbe'r almay be rotated or reversed to permit the flat orplane surfaces 4:2to be employed in lieu oi the fiat or plane surface ll i The "oppositeends of the m'ei bers ll are provided with the' trunnions 43 extending through the side plates d4: suitably anchored to the sides of the block 8 and closing the 1 ends of the slot 40. vOne of said trunnions I has disposed therethroughapin 4C5 te -facilivary or adjust the inclination otthe flat or plane iamese, and which pin 45 also serves as an index to coact with the degree graduations provided onthe adj a'cent" side plates forthe purposes of recordgand to allow readjustment if the models "are removed.

The b1ofck 8 isheld in its desi ed dju ted position along the-'coacting trackwa'y 7 through the instrumentality" of theholding I screw H'threaded upwardly; through the and trackway. 7 and engaging block 8. r

' The pin or shank 36 constitutes an incisal' guide pin and, in practice, the pin 37 thereof restsupon the fiat or plane surface v4:2 of the emember 41 and also coacts with the straight.

edges 4801? the plates 49pivotally mountedupon-the top surface ofthe block 8 ata .40 .at' a point, in close proximity-to the slot the longitudinal center thereof. The plates 49 are superimposed one upon tions..51 with iwhich coacts the index or pointer 52 carried by the lowerportion 50. The degree graduations 51 and theindexj or pointer 52. provide'means whereby a record may be made of aydesired'grelative adjustment-"ofthe plates 49 and to allow readjustment if the' models-are removed.

7 5 r the other and have the rearwardly disposed; semicircular portions 50. -Theupper por 't1on 50 is providedwi'th the degree gradua My improvedlarticulator is adapted be adjusted so that the relative motion between I the upper and lower jaws of 'aiiy patient may be accurately reproduced".-' Th1s.iis-ac,-,

complishedby mounting plaster casts of the jaws in their proper rel'ativejposition to each other and to the joints "or the articulator and then adjusting the guiding mechanism of the articulator to" reproduce the normal habitual motions used by the patient in mastication. The point w represents the joint between the condyle of the lower jaw and the articular comprised in the universal joint hereinbefore describedis adjustable along the arm or shank A sothat the distancebetweena; and.

3] is variable.

teeth areithought to lie approximately on the'surface of a sphere. The joint y .(that is, tlie intersection of the two axes of the universal joint) is adjusted so that it coinsurface-of the temporal bone. Thejoint 3 I Thechewing or ccclusalzsurfaces of all cides with the center of 5 the sphere upon which the occlusal surfacesof the teeth lie. The condyles (joint-w) also lie on the surface of the same. sphere. 'Therefore; the joint y must be so placed that it. is, equidisftant from both condylesm and from theocclusal-surface or plane of the teeth,"-diagrammatically indicated at e.- If there were no cusps on the teeth andthe above relations were correct, the teeth of the upper'model might oscillate about the oint g in any 'div ,rection and still stay in contactivwith the) teeth of the lower model. I I Since one-sphere andonly onecancpass through any four points in space, there is a one sphere and only-one that can pass through thetwo condyles of thej aw andany two'chosenpo'ints of the occlusal surface of the teeth. With the relative positions of theicondyles and any two points on'the' occlusal.

plane or surface known, the center and rajaw habitually oscillates in a definite plane, j

it is necessary to have a guiding mechanism on the 'articulator which will confine its motion to this one plane. This condition is also true of the left side, and the two planes meet at an angle in the median line. This condition is reproduced in the articulator by the straight edges #18 of the plates 49.

The amount of opening and closing of the jaws that is required in the lateral motion of the jaws depends upon the height of the cusps ofthe teeth. This is controlled in the articulator by the inclination of the adjust able surface or plane 42, or by the two planes or surfaces 42 which may berotated to take the position of plane l2.

The incisal guide pin 36 in sliding on the inclined plane or surface 4-2 or the planes or surfaces42 imparts the vertical component of this motion to the upper model and the motion imparted to said pin 36 with contact thereof with the edges 48 of the plates 49 imparts the horizontal componentsof motion' to the upper model. The planes or surfaces 42 are used when the antero posterior component'of the horizontal motion is too small to give sufiicient vertical motion by the use of the flat surface or plane 42.

The incisal pin 36 is adjustable as to length below the member or arm 32 so that V the cast plate 0 carried by said arm or member may always be horizontal when the joint y is in proper relative position to the casts and to the condyles. The block 8 is adjustablelongitudinally of the member or arm 1 to assist in the maintenance of the cast plate C horizontally. The distance between the joints ae and y is adjustable to allow of variation in the radius of the sphere. These adjustments are necessary in order that the vertical distance eaand horizontal distance ef of the incisal point 7" from the inter-condylar axis may be properly reproduced on the articulator. The pins 24 hereinbefore referred to are employed in determining the radius of the sphere for apurpose which is apparent to those skilled in dentistry.

' The outer surfaces of the heads d of the shanks 31, hereinbefore referred to, are provided with the center sockets 51 to receive the bearing screws 52 for the stirrup S.

, The stirrup S is substantially U-shaped in form and when'applied has its base or intermediate portion 53 disposed transversely ofcthe member or arm 32 at a point therebelowwhile'the upstanding side arms 54 of the stirrup S are provided with the longitudinally spaced openings 55, whereby the positions of the bearing screws 52 along said of practice may require.-

center of the universal movement of. the

.cept as hereinafter claimed.

side arm may be varied so that thedistance between the cutting edge 9 of the blade 56 and theaXis connecting the bearing screws may be adjusted in accordance with the requirements of practice. 7 The cutting edge 9 of the blade 56 is arcuate and said edge of the blade operates to 7 carve the spherical surface of the lower bite rim in order to produce the desired spherical occlusal plane. The blade 56 overlies a side of the intermediate portion 53 and is provided with an upstanding central portion 57 affording the substantially parallel end marginal portions 58 with which coacts the clamping screws 5 9 engaged directly with the portion 53 of the stirrup S. By this arrangement, the blade 56 may be adjustedvertically independently of the stirrup S.

It will also be readily understood that the stirrup S may be applied or removed with convenience and facility when the occasions The blade 56 is for the purpose of carving a spherical surface upon a lower bite rim and upon which surface the teeth areto be, set or arranged. Having determined fixed points through which the curve of the sphere must pass, it is possible by the use of the spherical blade 56 to accurately adjust the upper jaw model supporting member and the length of the radius of the are through which the blade 56 swings to make the spherical surface pass through the desired points.-

From the foregoing description it is thought. to be obvious that an' articulator constructed in accordance with my invention is particularly well adapted for use by reason of the convenience and facility with which it may be assembled and operated, and it will also be obvious that my invention, is susceptible of some change and modification without departin from the princi les and spirit thereof an for this reason do 11 not wish to be understood as limiting myself to the precise arrangement and forma tion of the several parts herein shown in carrying out my invention in practice ex I claim:

1. A dental articulator comprising a shanksupported for swinging movement, a sleeve loosely mounted on the shank, means for holding the sleeve against movement lengthwise of the shank, and a jaw model supporting member pivotally engaged with the sleeve whereby said member has swingin movement about an axis angularto the axis of the sleeve. I I 2. A dental articulator comprising a shank supported for swinging movement, a sleeve'loosely' mounted on the shank, means for holding the sleeve against movement lengthwise of the shank, and a jaw model e ses supporting member pivotally engagedwith the sleeve whereby said member has swingmovement about an axis. angular to the c axis.

of the sleeve, said sleeveand shank having coaoting means for limitingthe rotat1on of the sleeve about the shank.

3. A dental articulator embodying a lower jaw model supporting member, a shank p votally supported for movement toward. or from said supporting member,.an upper jaw model supporting member. carried; by the shank and having swinging movement in a plurality of paths, and variable means for imparting rocking movement to 1 the upper supporting means both laterally of the lower supporting member andjin adirection therefrom. I I

4:. A dentalarticulator embodyinga lower v jaw model supporting member, a shank 'piv-. 2O

otally supported for movement toward or from said supportingmember, an upper jaw model supporting member carried' by the shank and having swinging movement in a plurality of paths, and variable means for imparting rocking movement to the upper supporting member both laterally of ,the lower supporting member and in a direction thereform, said upper *jaw'model supporting member being movable lengthwise of the shank.

5. A dental articulator embodyinga lower jaw model supporting'member, a shank pivotallysupporte'd for movement toward or from said supporting member, an upper jaw model supporting member carried by the shank, and having swingingmovement in a plurality offpaths, variable means for imparting rocking movement to the upperon the shank.

g '6. A dental articulator' comprising a shank supported for swinging movement,-a

sleeve loosely mounted on the' shank, means for holding the sleeve (against movement len thwise of the s'l1ank,"a jaw model sup-q porting member pi'v'otally' engagedwith the sleeve whereby said fmember has swinging movement about an axis angular to theaxis of the sleeve,'said shank havinga channel extending therealong, and a member extending through a wall of the sleeve to extend withinthe channel to limit the rotation of the sleeve about the arm.

7. A dental articulator embodying alower jaw model supporting member, a shank pivotally supported for movement toward or from said supporting member, an upper jaw model supporting member carried by the shank and having swinging movement in a plurality of paths, variable means for imparting rocking movement to theupper sup-, porting member both laterally of the lower supporting member and in a direction therefrom, said upper jaw model, supporting member beingmovable lengthwise offthe shank, and variable means coacting with the shank for limiting the lateralrocking I movementfo't the upper supporting member. 8. A dental articulator comprising a shank supported for swinging movement, a sleeve loosely mounted on the shank, means for holding the sleeve against movement lengthwise of the shank, a jaw model supporting member pivotal'ly engaged with the sleeve whereby said member 1 has swinging move ment about anaxis angular to the axis of the sleeve, said shank having a channel extending therealong, and a member extending through awall of the sleeve to extend within the channel to limit the rotation of the sleeve about the-arm, the portioniof the member extending within the channel'being pointed.

' 9. A dental articulator comprising a lower jaw model'supporting member, an upper jaw model supporting member .coacting' therewith, said upper jaw model supporting member having universal movement, an incisal guide pin adjustably carried by the upper supporting member, fvariable means carried by the lower supporting member cooperating with the incisal guide pin to impose both lateral and vertical rocking move ment to the upper member on. desired radii,

means for indicating the radius of lateral rocking movement "of the upper Y member,

and means for indicating the radius of the vertical rocking movement of the upper member. s i I I 10. dental} articulator comprising .a shank supported for swinging movement, a sleeveloosely mounted on the shank, means for holding the sleeve against movement lengthwise ofthe shank, a jaw model supporting member pivotally engaged with the sleeve whereby said member has swinging movement about an axis angular to the" axis ofthe sleeve, said shank having a channel extending therealong, and a member extending through a wall of the sleeveto' extend within the channel to limitthe rotation of'thesleeve aboutjthe arm, thefportionof the member extending within the channel being pointed, said channel beings'ubstantially V shapedin cross section.

11. A :dental articulator comprising a nk upp rt dfor swingingmovement," a

sleeve loosely mounted on theshank, members threaded upon the shank and engageable with the opposite ends of the sleeve to hold the sleeve against movement length W186 of the shank, and a jaw model supporting member; pivotally-v engaged ,with the vertical swinging movement to the upper sleeve whereby said member has swinging movement about an axis angular to the axis swinging movement toward or from the arm, a sleeve loosely mounted on the shank, means for holding the sleeve against movement lengthwise ofthe shank, and a jaw model supporting member pivotally engaged with the sleeve and having swinging movement about an axis angular to the axis of the sleeve. 7

13. A dental articulator comprising a shank supported for swinging movement, a sleeve loosely mounted on the shank, means for holding the sleeve at different points on the shank against movement lengthwise of the shank, and a jaw model supporting member pivotally engaged with the sleeve whereby said member has swinging movement about an axis angular to the axis of the sleeve.

14. A dental articulator comprising a lower jaw model supporting member, a shank supported for vertical swinging movement above said supporting member and positioned above the median line of said sup porting member posteriorly thereof, an upper jaw model supporting member, means coacting with the shank and upper supporting member to support said upper member by the shank, said upper member having universal movement independently of the shank, and variable means for simultaneously imparting vertical swinging movement to the upper supporting member in directions both longitudinally and laterally of the median line of the lower supporting member in constantly varying planes.

15. A dental articulator comprising a lower .jaw model supporting member, a

shank supported for vertical swinging movementabove said supporting member and positioned above the median line of said supporting member posteriorly thereof, an upper jaw model supporting member carried by the shank and having universal .movement relative to the shank, and vari able means for simultaneously imparting supportingmember in directions both longi tudinally and laterally of the median line of the lower supporting member in constantly varying planes, the point of intersection of the axes comprised in the universal joint being variable relative to the pivotal connection of the shank.

. 16. A dental articulator comprising a lower arm to support a cast plate, upstanding posts carried by the rear end-portion of shank, a cross head carried by one end portion of the shank and extending equal distances beyond the opposite sides thereof, the end portionsof the cross head being pivotally supported between the upper portions of the posts, a sleeve loosely mounted on the shank, means for holding the sleeve against movement lengthwise of the shank, and an upper arm arranged above the lower arm with upstanding members carried thereby at 7 its rear end portion, the upper end portions of said members being pivot-ally engaged with the sleeve whereby said second arm has swinging movement about an axis at right angles to the axis of the sleev 17. In an articulator, the combination with an upper jaw model supporting member having universal movement, an incisal' guide pin carried by said member, a member positioned below the supporting member and rotating about an axis disposed substanrelative to the horizontal.

18. In an articulator, the combination with an upper jaw model supporting memher having universal movement, an incisal guide pin carried by said member, a member positioned below the supporting memher and rotating about an axis disposed substantially at right angles to the median line of the supporting member, said second member being provided with a plane surface with which the guide pin contacts, and means for varying the angle of inclination of the plane surface of said second member relative to the horizontal, the portion of the incisal guide pin between the supporting member and the second member bein adjustable as to length.

19. In an articulator, the combination 'with an upper jaw model supporting memface with whi h the guide pin contacts,

means for varying the angle of inclination of the plane surface of said second member relative to the horizontal, and plates movable about a common center and adapted to extend over the plane surface of the second member, said plates being provided with straight edges with which theincisal guide pin is adapted to contact,

20.111 an articulator, the combination with an'upper jaw model supporting memher having universal movement, an incisal pendently of the other. y

guide pin carriedby said member, mnember positionedbelow the supporting member and rotating about an axis disposed substantially at a right angles to theQmedian of the plane surface of said second member relative to the hori zontal, and-platesmov-l able about a common center and adapted to extend over the plane'surface of'thesecon'd member, said plates being, provided with straight edges with which the incisa'l guide pinis adaptedto contact, said plates being movable about their pivots one inde 21. In an; articulatoni the combination with an upper j aw model supporting mem-o her having universal movemenaan incisal guide pin carried by said member, a member positioned below the supporting memher and rotating about an axis disposed sub stantially at right angles'to the median; line of the supporting, member, said secondmember being provided with a plane sur-K face with which thelguide' pin contacts, means for varying the; angle of inclination of the plane surface of said second "member relative to the horizontal, and plates movable about a common center and adapted to extend over the plane surface of the secher having universal movement, an 'incisal 7 ljoint comprising perpendicularly related axes, one of said axes extending transversely of the upper holder, a stirrup 'engageable' 0nd member, said plates being provided,

with straight {edges with which the incisal guide pin isadaptedfto contact,-said plates being movable about" theirpivots one'in de-- pendently of the other, said plates being provided with coacting means to indicate the relative angle betweenthe straight edges of the plates.

22. In an articulat on" thefcombination with an upper jaw model supporting memguide pin carried bysaiclmember,*1a,mem ber positioned below the supportingmemher and. rotating about an axi'sdisposed sub-g stantially at right angles to the median line of the supporting member, saida second member being provided with a plane surface with which the guide pinconta'cts', and means for varying the angle ofinclin'at on of the plane surface of said second member relative to the horizontal, and means for indicating the angle of 'inclinationlof the 7 plane surface with respect tothe horizontal. 23. In an articulator, the combination with an upper jaw model supporting mem-' her having universal mpvement, an incisal; guide pin carried by sa d member, a member positioned belowthe supporting'mem-r her and rotating about an axis disposed substantially at right angles to the medianline of the supporting member, said second member being provided with a plane surface with which the guide pin contacts, said bodying I plane second member being provided with a second' plane surface, saidsec'ond surface emf surfaces converging 1nwardly. I

24; In' an 'articulator, the combination with an upper jaw model supporting member havingfuniversal' movement, an incisal guide pin carried by said member, a member positioned belowthe supporting member and rotating about-an axis disposed sub-- stantially at-right' angles to themedian line of the supporting member,said second memv 7 her being provided with a plane surface with which the guide pin contacts, saidsecond member being provided with a second plane surface, said second surface embodying plane surfaces converging-inwardlyito- 5 ward the longitudinal center "of the second] member; I 25.

A dental articulator comprising a lower jaw model holder, an upper jaw model. holder operativcly supported thereby cutting] element extending transversely of the lowermodel holder and having its lower margin formed into anarcu'ate cutting edge. 26. in dental articulator comprising a lower" jaw model holder; an upper-jaw per-holder and positioned therebelow,said

cutting element extending transversely of the lower model holder andhaving its lower margin formed into an arcuate cutting edge,

element being adjustable toijvard or from the upper holder; j I f 21A dental articulator comprising a lower jaw model holder, an upper jaw:

said cuttin 'modclsholder operatively connected therewith by a universal oint, said universal \viththe universal joint for swinging fln'iove mer t about the transverse axis-of the joint, and a ciitting' blade carried by the; stirrup V and provided with an arcuate cuttmgedge.

' 28. A dental articulator comprising a "lower jaw model holder, an uppc-rijaw through the medium of a universal joint, I and a cutting element supported bythe up- .per holder and positioned. therebelow, said iii) model holder operatively connected therea V with by a universal oint, said universal 7 joint comprising perpendicularly related axes, oneof said axes extending transversely of the upper holder, :1 stirrup engageable with the universal oint "for 'swingingmovement about the transverse axis of the joint, and a cutting blade carried by the stirrup and provided with an arcuatecutting edge, said blade being adjustable toward or from theupper holder independently or. the stir rupa l c v 29. A dental articulator a 1 80v ment about the transverse axis OJ.

lower jaw model holder, an upper jaw model holder operatively connected therewith by a universal joint, said universal joint comprising perpendicularly related axes, one of said axes extending transversely of the upper holder, a stirrup engageable with the universal joint for swinging moveoint, 7

and a cutting blade carried by the stirrup and provided with an arcuate cutting edge, said stirrup being adjustable relative to the transverse axis of the joint.

30} In an articulator, the combination with an upper jaw model supporting mei her having universalmovemcnt, an incisal guide pin carried bysaid member, a member positioned below the supporting member and rotating about an axis disposedsubstanti ally at right angles to the median line of. the supporting member, said second member being provided with a plane su face with which the guide pin contacts, said second member being provided with a second plane surface, said second surface embodying pivotally supported betweenthe upper portions of the posts, a sleeve loosely mounted on the shank, means for holding the sleeve against movement lengtl wise of the shank, and an upper arm arranged above the lower arm with upstanding members carried there- 'by at its rear end portion, the upper end portions of said members being nvota-lly engaged with the sleeve whereby said secend arm has swinging movement about an 7 axis at right angles to the axis of the sleeve,

the pivotal connections between the cross head and the posts comprising shanks extending inwardly of the posts, the inner end portion of each of said shanks at its axial center being provided with a pin.

32. A dental articulator comprising a lower arm to support a cast plate, upstanding posts carried by the rear endportionof the arm and equidistantly spaced at opposite sides of the median line of the arm, a shank, a cross head carried by one end portion of the shank and extending equal distances beyond the opposite sides tl1ereo'f,tl1e end portions of the cross headbeing pivotally supported between the upper portions of the posts, a sleeve loosely mounted on the 'shank, means for holding'the sleeve against movement lengthwise of the shank, and an ruper arm arranged above the lower arm.

with upstanding members carried thereby at its rear end portion, theupper end, po'rtions of said members being pivotally engaged with the sleeve whereby said second 'arm has swinging movement about an axis at right an lest-o the axisof the sleeve, the pivotal connections between the cross head and the postscomprising shanks extending beyond the outer-side faces of the posts, the outer end portions or" each of said shanks beingconoidal.

A dental articulator comprising a ,lower jaw model-supporting member, an upper jaw modelsupporting member coaoting therewith and having universal, movement, an incisal guide pinladjustably carried by the upper supporting.member, variable means carried by the lower supportin 'memoer cooperating withthe incisal guide pin to impose both lateral and vertical rocking movement to the upper member on desired radii, and means forindicating the radius of the lateral rockingmovement of the upper member.

34. A dental articulator comprising a lower jaw model supporting member, an upper jaw model supporting member coacting therewith and having universal movement, an incisal guide pin adjust-ably carried by the upper supporting member,variable means carried by the lower supportlng member cooperating with the incisal guide pin to imposeboth lateral and vertical rocking movement to the uppermember ,ondesired radii, and means for indicating the radius of the vertical'rocking movement of the uppermember.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.

7 :JOHN w. more "as 

